The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact: Valid approaches to testing the hypothesis with individual differences data - ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289620300271
what the Dunning-Kruger effect is and isn’t – [citation needed]
http://www.talyarkoni.org/blog/2010/07/07/What-the-Dunning-Kruger-effect-Is-and-Isnt/